A new heavy-duty vehicle visual classification and activity estimation method minimize uncertainties in current HDV conversion methods and the vehicle registration based HDV VMT estimation guidance. The HDV visual classification scheme called the X- scheme, which classifies HDV/truck classes by vehicle physical characteristics such as the number of axles, the number of tires, gross vehicle weight ratings, horsepower ranges, vehicle activity characteristics, and tractor-trailer configuration, converts FHWA truck classes into EPA HDV classes without losing the original resolution of HDV/truck activity and emission characteristics. The new heavy- duty vehicle visual classification and activity estimation method can be used for the development of HDV/truck activity databases and for the facility- specific HDV VMT estimation for the development of onroad emissions inventories. In addition, the ability to estimate link-specific emissions benefits Federal and local agencies in the development of project (microscale), regional (mesoscale), and national (macroscale) level air quality management and transportation plans.

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