Arterial remodeling is a process by which arteries respond to sustained changes in their mechanical environment. This process occurs in a way such that an artery’s local mechanical environment (circumferential, shear, and axial stress) is maintained at a homeostatic level. However, most studies utilize a methodology that controls the global parameters (pressure, flow rate, and axial stretch). This approach often confounds the results since the actual drivers of remodeling are not independently isolated. The results of this study demonstrate the ability of a novel organ culture system to achieve and maintain target values of stress throughout the culture period. Cell viability, general arterial morphology, and collagen synthesis rates were maintained for all arteries. The elevated axial stress appeared to cause a softening of the artery in both the axial and circumferential direction. It was hypothesized that this softening was the result of a changing collagen structure. Additional softening seen in arteries was attributed to the effects of the culture system.

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