The Ache (pronounced Ah·CHAY) Indians are a traditional hunter-gatherer tribe living in Paraguay. They are called “Guayaki” by Guarani speaking neighbors and in early anthropological accounts. The earliest published reports (Lozano 1873-74 summary of Jesuit accounts in the 1600s) about the Ache refer to them as “Guajagui”, a term based on the Guarani root “Guaja” (= enemy tribe, or brother-in-law) and “gui” a common Ache suffix (meaning “essence of” or “having the property of”). The Ache language provides clues to their origin. Current analysis suggests that it is a Tupi-Guarani lexicon, overlaid on a unique grammar structure not found in sister Guarani languages. Genetic analyses suggest that the Ache are a group of mixed biological origin containing about 60-65% Tupi-Guarani genes and 35-40% of their genes with affinities to the Je language family. The Ache are also culturally and biologically distinct from the neighboring Guarani. Early descriptions of the Ache emphasized their white skin, light eye and hair color, beards, Asiatic features, and practice of cannibalism as identifying characteristics.

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