High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! ADP-ribosylation is a posttranslational modification of proteins that involves the addition of one or more ADP-ribose moieties. These reactions are involved in cell signaling and the control of many cell processes, including DNA repair and apoptosis. One way this protein modification can be produced is by NAD+:diphthamide ADP-ribosyltransferase enzymes, which transfer the ADP-ribose group from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide onto acceptors such as arginine, glutamic acid or aspartic acid residues in their substrate protein. In humans, one type of ADP-ribosyltransferases is the NAD:arginine ADP-ribosyltransferases, which modify amino acid residues in proteins such as histones by adding a single ADP-ribose group. These reactions are reversible; for example, when arginine is modified, the ADP-ribosylarginine produced can be removed by ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolases.

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