Afforestation is planting seed or trees to make a forest on land has not been a forest recently, or which has never been a forest. Reforestation is the reestablishing a forest after removal, for example from a timber harvest. Many countries have experienced centuries of deforestation, and some governments and non-governmental organisations directly engage in programs of afforestation to restore forests and assist in preservation of biodiversity. (In the UK afforestation may mean legally converting land into a royal forest.

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