High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The AFR sensor is an air-fuel ratio sensor that is slowly replacing the Zirconium oxygen sensor (O2 sensor) in modern motor vehicles. The early introduction of the oxygen sensor came about in the late 1970’s. Since then Zirconia has been the material of choice for its construction. The Zirconia O2 sensor produces its own voltage, which makes it a type of generator. The generated varying voltage shows up on the scope as the familiar 1 Hz sine wave, when in closed loop control. The actual voltage that is generated is the difference between the O2 content of the exhaust and that of the surrounding ambient air. The stoichiometric air-fuel ratio or the mixture of air-to-fuel equal to 14.7:1 is theoretically the best mixture ratio for gasoline engines. This is the theoretical air -to- fuel ratio at which all of the fuel will react with all of the available oxygen resulting in complete combustion. At or near this ratio, the combustion process produces the best balance between power and low emissions. At a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio (14.7:1), the generated O2 sensor voltage is about 450 mV.

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