The Aharonov Bohm effect, sometimes called the Ehrenberg Siday Aharonov Bohm effect, is a quantum mechanical phenomenon by which an electrically charged particle is affected by the electromagnetic potential A in regions in which both the magnetic field B and electric field E are zero. In general, the profound consequence of Aharonov–Bohm effect was the realisation that the electromagnetic potential offers a more complete description of electromagnetism than the electric and magnetic fields can. In classical electromagnetism the two descriptions were equivalent. With the addition of quantum theory, though, the electromagnetic potential A is seen as being more fundamental or "real"; the E and B fields can be derived from the potential A, but the potential can not be derived from the E and B fields. Furthermore some physical effects are dependent only on A, which the E and B fields are simply unable to account for.Werner Ehrenberg and Raymond E. Siday first predicted the effect in 1949, and similar effects were later rediscovered by Aharonov and Bohm in 1959.

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