Sensor networking has emerged as a promising tool for monitoring and actuating the devices of the physical world, employing self-organizing networks of battery-powered wireless sensors that can sense, process, and communicate. Energy is the most crucial and scarce resource for such networks. However, since sensor network applications generally exhibit specific limited behaviors, there is both a need and an opportunity for adapting the network architecture to match the application. Many applications require sensor data to be available at multiple resolutions, or allow fidelity to be traded-off for energy efficiency. In this book, I develop an adaptive cross-layered sensor network architecture that enables multi-scale collaboration and communication. Analyzing the unique characteristics of sensor networks, I identify cross-layering and adaptability to applications as the primary design principles needed to build three closely coupled-protocols: A self-organizing adaptive hierarchical data service for multi-scale communication, A medium scheduling protocol tailored for this hierarchical data service, and An adaptive clock synchronization service to provide required synchronization.

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