Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. The anion gap is used to aid in the differential diagnosis of metabolic acidosis. Although the term "anion gap" usually implies "serum anion gap", the urine anion gap is also a clinically useful measure. Anion gap is an 'artificial' and calculated measure that is representative of the unmeasured ions in plasma or serum. The 'measured' cations are sodium, Potassium, Calcium and Magnesium. The 'unmeasured' cations include a few normally occurring serum proteins, and some pathological proteins. Likewise, the 'measured' anions are chloride, bicarbonate and phosphate, with the 'unmeasured' anions being sulphates and a number of serum proteins.

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