There are many species of heavy-bodied cyprinid fishes collectively known as Asian carp. Heavy-bodied cyprinids from the subcontinent (for example Catla Catla catla and mrigal Cirrhinus cirrhosus) are not included in this classification and are known collectively as "Indian Carp". Eight Asian carp have been substantially introduced outside of their native ranges: grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella, common carp (Cyprinus carpio), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), largescale silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys harmandi), bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis), black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus), common goldfish (Carassius auratus), crucian carp (Carassius carassius) All the above except largescale silver carp have been cultivated in aquaculture in China for over 1,000 years. Largescale silver carp, a more southern species, is native to, and is cultivated in Vietnam. Grass, silver, bighead and black carp are known as the "Four Domesticated Fish" in China and are the most important freshwater fish species for food and Chinese medicine.

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