High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Background independence, also called Universality, is the concept or assumption, fundamental to all physical sciences, that the nature of reality is consistent throughout all of space and time. More specifically, no observer can, under any circumstances, perform a measurement that yields a result logically inconsistent with a previous measurement, under a set of rules that are independent of where and when the observations are made. This is not a suggestion that spacetime is uniform, merely that the fundamental rules governing the measurable characteristics of the physical universe are the same everywhere, at all times.

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