The Balearic Shearwater is a medium-sized shearwater in the seabird family Procellariidae. It was long regarded a subspecies of the Manx Shearwater; see there for more on the Puffinus puffinus superspecies; following an initial split it was held to be a subspecies of the "Mediterranean Shearwater" for nearly ten more years, until it was resolved to be a distinct species, separate from the Yelkouan Shearwater. It is the last taxon of the puffinus complex that was recognized as a separate entity. It appears to belong to a group of Mediterranean and adjacent Atlantic species which includes the Yelkouan Shearwater and one to three prehistorically extinct taxa, Hole's and possibly also Olson's Shearwater and an undescribed form of unclear distinctness from Menorca. Hole's Shearwater may be the closest known relative of P. mauretanicus.

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