Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. In mathematics, the Bessel potential is a potential similar to the Riesz potential but with better decay properties at infinity. In mathematics the Laplace operator or Laplacian, named after Pierre-Simon de Laplace, is a differential operator, specifically an important case of an elliptic operator, with many applications. It is denoted by the symbols , 2, or · . In physics, it is used in the modeling of wave propagation, heat flow, and fluid mechanics. It is central in electrostatics, where it represents the charge associated to a given potential.

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