Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. In mathematics and its applications, a coordinate (or co-ordinate) system is a system for assigning an n-tuple of numbers, scalars or variables to each point in an n-dimensional space. This concept is part of the theory of manifolds. "Scalars" in many cases means real numbers, but, depending on context, can mean complex numbers or elements of some other commutative ring. For complicated spaces, it is often not possible to provide one consistent practical coordinate system for the entire space. In this case, a collection of coordinate systems, called graphs, are put together to form an atlas covering the whole space. A simple example (which motivates the terminology) is the surface of the earth.

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