High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Diptera is an order of winged insects commonly known as flies. Diptera which are one of the most successful groups of organisms on Earth are very diverse biologically. None are truly marine but they occupy virtually every terrestrial niche. Many have co-evolved in association with plants and animals. The Diptera are a very significant group in the decomposition and degeneration of plant and animal matter, and are instrumental in the breakdown and release of nutrients back into the soil.They are also an important component in food chains.