Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. A birthday attack is a type of cryptographic attack that exploits the mathematics behind the birthday problem in probability theory. This attack can be used to abuse communication between two or more parties. The attack depends on the higher likelihood of collisions found between random attack attempts and a fixed degree of permutations (pigeonholes), as described in the birthday problem/paradox.As an example consider the scenario in which a teacher with a class of 25 to 30 students asks for everybody's birthday. If two of the students have the same birthday, this is called a "collision". Intuitively this seems unlikely, but it happens with a probability of about 50% with any randomly selected group of 23 people. The odds increase for larger groups.

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