Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Bootstrapping is a term used in computer science to describe the techniques involved in writing a compiler (or assembler) in the target programming language which it is intended to compile. This technique is also called self-hosting. A large proportion of programming languages are bootstrapped, including BASIC, C, Pascal, Factor, Haskell, Modula-2, Oberon, OCaml, Common Lisp, Scheme, and more. The first language to provide such a bootstrap was NELIAC. The first commercial language to do so was PL/I. The first self-hosting compiler (excluding assemblers) was written for Lisp by Hart and Levin at MIT in 1962.

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