Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. The Boreal Kingdom or Holarctic Kingdom (Holarctis) is a floristic kingdom identified by botanist Ronald Good (and later by Armen Takhtajan), which includes the temperate-to-arctic portions of North America and Eurasia. Its flora is inherited from the ancient supercontinent of Laurasia. However, much of the floristic kingdom (and most of its Circumboreal Region) was glaciated during the Pleistocene and has a very young flora. Tertiary relicts found refuge in the southern and mountainous parts of the kingdom, especially in the Eastern Asiatic Region and North American Atlantic Region. Good noted that the plant species of temperate North America and Eurasia were very closely related, despite their separation by the Atlantic Ocean and the Bering Strait.

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