Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. In the 1980s the telecommunications industry expected that digital services would follow much the same pattern as voice services did on the public switched telephone network, and conceived a grandiose end-to-end circuit switched services, known as Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN). This was designed in the 1990s as a logical extension of the end-to-end circuit switched data service, Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN). Before B-ISDN, the original ISDN attempted to substitute the analog telephone system with a digital ISDN system which was appropriate for both voice and non voice traffic. Obtaining worldwide agreement on the Basic rate interface standard was expected to lead to a large user demand for ISDN equipment, hence leading to mass production and inexpensive ISDN chips. However, the standardization process took years and the technology in this area moved rapidly and, once the standard was finally agreed upon became obsolete.

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