High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Buddhist modernism (also referred to as Protestant Buddhism, Modern Buddhism and modernist Buddhism) consists of the "forms of Buddhism that have emerged out of an engagement with the dominant cultural and intellectual forces of modernity." While there can be no complete, essential definition of what constitutes a Buddhist Modernist tradition, most scholars agree that the influence of Protestant and Enlightenment values have largely defined some of their more conspicuous attributes.David McMahan cites "western monotheism; rationalism and scientific naturalism; and Romantic expressivism" as influences.