The Bulgars were a Turkic people, who migrated into Europe from Central Asia and Mongolia. From the 4th century the Bulgars conquered the steppe north-west of the Caspian Sea. In the 7th century they established two states in the Pontic-Caspian steppe: Great Bulgaria, which spanned between the Caspian and Black Seas, and Volga Bulgaria built on the territory that is nowadays part of the Russian Republics of Tatarstan and Chuvashia. Likewise, they imposed themselves in the Balkans as the elite ruling class of the Danube Bulgar Khanate. In each of these regions they were gradually assimilated over a period of centuries by the local ethnic groups, giving rise to several modern peoples claiming descent from them: Volga Tatars and Chuvash, Balkars and Bulgarians.

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