Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a nuclear medicine imaging technology which allows for four-dimensional, quantitative determination of the distribution of labeled biological compounds within the human body. The high sensitivity of PET and the low concentration of the tracers used, allow quantitative visualization of low capacity biochemical systems such as receptors. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is involved in proliferation, cell movement, cell survival and differentiation of both normal and malignant cells. EGFR over-expression has been detected in a variety of malignant epithelial tumors. Androgen Receptor (AR) plays a critical role in initiation and growth of prostate cancer cells. Nearly 80-90% of prostate cancers are dependent on androgen at initial diagnosis. While EGFR and AR are established targets for treatment, the clinical outcome in most cases is suboptimal. Development of suitable labeled biomarkers that bind to the EGFR or to the AR may allow the mapping and quantification of these receptors in cancer in- vivo, and will lead to monitoring of response to hormonal or other chemotherapeutic treatment.

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