High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Caudium (modern Montesarchio) was an ancient city in Samnium situated on the Appian Way between Beneventum (modern Benevento) to Capua. (It was 21 Roman miles from Capua, and 11 from Beneventum.) In early times it was an important site: the capital or chief city of the Caudini.