Variations in past climate are of interest because they help explain and predict climate anomalies. Independent, quantitative information regarding past climate change is needed to place recently observed changes and predictions for the future into a longer perspective. Trees represent the best-dated archive of climate information for the Holocene in Europe. Climate reconstructions based on tree rings operate under the assumption that the relationship between climate and stable isotopic ratios in tree rings remains stable over time. However, environmental changes themselves may alter the sensitivity of this relationship, causing time-dependent changes, complicated by the fact that trees are living systems that actively modify isotopic ratios during incorporation of raw materials. Here we investigated the long-term relationship between tree isotope chronologies (?13C and ?18O), and climate, for trees located at two ecologically non-extreme and climatologically non-limiting sites. In addition, ?18O in tree compartments was studied to help understand the influence of intra-annual variations in temperature and relative humidity on a tree ring archive.

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