Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. In statistics, a confounding variable is an extraneous variable in a statistical model that correlates with both the dependent variable and the independent variable. The methodologies of scientific studies therefore need to control for these factors to avoid a type 1 error; an erroneous 'false positive' conclusion that the dependent variables are in a causal relationship with the independent variable.

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