Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. In probability theory and statistics, the mathematical descriptions of covariance and correlation are very similar. Both describe the degree of similarity between two random variables or sets of random variables. Notably, correlation is dimensionless while covariance is in units obtained by multiplying the units of the two variables. The covariance of a variable with itself is called the variance. The correlation of a variable with itself is always 1.

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