Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Crampons are attachments to outdoor footwear that feature metal parts to provide traction on snow and ice. In 1908 Englishman Oscar Eckenstein designed the first 10-point crampon, dramatically reducing the need for step cutting. This design was then made commercially available by the Italian Henry Grivel. Crampons can be made of hardened steel, or light weight aluminum. Lighter weight aluminum crampons are popular for alpine ski touring where the need to wear them is less frequent

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