Delocalized Electron

Delocalized Electron

Frederic P. Miller, Agnes F. Vandome, John McBrewster

     

бумажная книга



Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
ISBN: 978-6-1307-2852-6
Объём: 160 страниц
Масса: 264 г
Размеры(В x Ш x Т), см: 23 x 16 x 1

In chemistry delocalized electrons are electrons in a molecule that are not associated with a single atom or to a covalent bond. Delocalized electrons are contained within an orbital that extends over several adjacent atoms. Classically, delocalized electrons can be found in conjugated systems of double bonds and in aromatic and mesoionic systems. It is increasingly appreciated that electrons in sigma bonding levels are also delocalized. For example, in methane, the bonding electrons are shared by all five atoms equally. Pervasive existence of delocalization is implicit in molecular orbital theory. In the simple aromatic ring of benzene the delocalization of six ? electrons over the C6 ring is often graphically indicated by a circle. The fact that the six C-C bonds are equidistant is one indication of this delocalization. In valence bond theory, delocalization in benzene is represented by resonance structures. Another example of delocalized electrons can be found in a carboxylate group, wherein the negative charge is centered equally on the two oxygen atoms.

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