In solid state physics, a particle's effective mass is the mass it seems to carry in the semiclassical model of transport in a crystal. It can be shown that electrons and holes in a crystal respond to electric and magnetic fields almost as if they were particles with a mass dependent upon their direction of travel, an effective mass tensor.In a simplified picture that ignores crystal anisotropies, they behave as free particles in a vacuum, but with a different mass. This mass is usually stated in units of the ordinary mass of an electron me (9.11x10-31 kg). In these units it is usually in the range 0.01 or 10, but can also be lower or higher, for example reaching 1000 in exotic heavy fermion materials.The effective mass has important effects on the properties of a solid, including everything from the efficiency of a solar cell to the speed of an integrated circuit

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