Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. The EM intermediate language is a family of intermediate languages created in order to facilitate the production of portable compilers. The languages specifications were created by Andrew Tanenbaum, Hans van Staveren, Ed G. Keizer, Johan W. Stevenson and they were implemented in the Amsterdam Compiler Kit. Unlike GCC's intermediate language, EM is a real programming language and could be implemented in hardware; a number of the language front-ends have libraries implemented in EM assembly. EM is a relatively high-level stack-based machine, and one of the tools supplied with ACK is an interpreter capable of executing EM binaries directly, with a high degree of safety checking.

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