Within a downstream processing system, several stages are used to further isolate and purify the desired product. The overall structure of the process includes pre-treatment, solid-liquid separation, concentration, and purification and formulation. Evaporation falls into the concentration stage of downstream processing and is widely used to concentrate foods, chemicals, and salvage solvents. The goal of evaporation is to vaporize most of the water from a solution containing a desired product. After initial pre-treatment and separation, a solution often contains over 85% water. This is not suitable for industry usage because of the cost associated with processing such a large quantity of solution, such as the need for larger equipment.

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