The Federal Constitutional Court is a special court established by the Grundgesetz, the German basic law. Since its inception, the constitutional court has been located in the city of Karlsruhe, intentionally dislocated from the other federal institutions like the seat of the government (earlier in Bonn, now in Berlin), the head office of the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND), the German intelligence agency (near Munich), or the seat of the Bundesbank in Frankfurt (Main). The sole task of the court is judicial review. It may therefore declare public acts unconstitutional and thus render them ineffective. As such, it is similar to the Supreme Court of the United States. Yet the Court possess a number of powers that the U.S. Supreme Court does not have.

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