Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Fire- setting is a method of mining used since prehistoric times up to the Middle Ages. Fires were set against a rock face to heat the stone, which was then doused with water. Written sources from Antiquity (see below) usually claim that this would cause the stone to fracture by thermal shock, but experiments have instead indicated that the water (or any other liquid) did not have a noticeable effect on the rock, but rather helped the miners' progress by quickly cooling down the area after the fire . This technique was best performed in opencast mines where the smoke and fumes could dissipate safely. The technique was very dangerous in underground workings without adequate ventilation. The method became redundant with the growth in use of explosives.

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