This work was the masters thesis of the author towards his degree in mechanical engineering from Louisiana State University, USA.In this work freezing responses of two different cancer cell types, Jurkat and HeLa were investigated using the well known method of cryomicroscopy. The freezing experiments and subsequent numerical simulations have yielded the membrane permeability characteristics of these cells. Certain freezing rates have enabled intracellular ice formation. The author believes the findings may help future researchers in developing cryopreservation and cryosurgical protocols. Freezing experiments were also performed on Pacific Oyster Embryos(Crassostrea gigas) and intracellular ice formation was observed. Overall, this work should be useful to students and researchers working in the field of bio-heat and mass transfer.Those interested in learning more about cryomicroscopy as a method of evaluation of freezing responses of biological cells and the two significant freezing phenomena will also find it absorbing. The author firmly believes that further research in this area will revolutionize the therapy of cervical and blood cancer.

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