Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. In gauge symmetry, 'gauge' means 'measure', and symmetry means 'stays the same'. Geometry is the study of the properties of objects that do not change when they move around. An object is symmetric if some motion leaves it looking the same, for instance, rotating an equilateral triangle through 120 degrees. Many physical properties are invariant under translation and rotation. For instance, the results of an experiment are not dependent on where the experimental apparatus is, or in which direction it faces.

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