Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Genotyping is the process of determining the genes of an individual by examining its DNA sequence with the use of biological assays. Current methods of doing this include PCR, DNA sequencing, ASO probes, and hybridization to DNA microarrays or beads. The technology is important in clinical research for the investigation of disease-associated genes. Due to current technological limitations, almost all genotyping is partial. That is, only a small fraction of an individual s genotype is determined. New innovations or mass-sequencing technologies, promise to provide whole-genome genotyping in the future. Genotyping applies to a broad range of "individuals" including microorganisms. Viruses for instance, or bacteria, can be genotyped. Genotyping in this context may help in controlling the spreading of pathogens, by tracing the origin of outbreaks. This area is often referred to as molecular epidemiology or forensic microbiology.

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