High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The Gladstone Dale relation is used for optical analysis, or to calculate the density of a liquid for use in fluid dynamics.The relation has also been used to calculate refractive index of glass and minerals in optical mineralogy. In the Gladstone Dale relation, the index of refraction or the density of miscible liquids that are mixed in mass fraction can be calculated from characteristic optical constants of pure molecular end-members. For example, for any mass of ethanol added to a mass of water, the alcohol content is determined by measuring density or index of refraction. Mass per unit volume is the density m/V. Mass is conserved on mixing, but the volume of 1 cm3 of ethanol mixed with 1 cm3 of water is reduced to less than 2 cm3 due to the formation of ethanol-water bonds. The plot of volume or density versus molecular fraction of ethanol in water is a quadratic curve. However, the plot of index of refraction versus molecular fraction of ethanol in water is linear, and the weight fraction equals the fractional density.

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