Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Graph Modelling Language (GML) is a hierarchical ASCII-based file format for describing graphs. It has been also named Graph Meta Language. Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a set of rules for encoding documents in machine-readable form. It is defined in the XML 1.0 Specification produced by the W3C, and several other related specifications, all gratis open standards. XML's design goals emphasize simplicity, generality, and usability over the Internet. It is a textual data format with strong support via Unicode for the languages of the world. Although the design of XML focuses on documents, it is widely used for the representation of arbitrary data structures, for example in web services.

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