Helium is an element and the next simplest atom to solve after the hydrogen atom. Helium is composed of two electrons in orbit around a nucleus containing two protons along with either one or two neutrons, depending on the isotope. The hydrogen atom is used extensively to aid in solving the helium atom. The Niels Bohr model of the atom gave a very accurate explanation of the hydrogen spectrum, but when it came to helium it collapsed. Werner Heisenberg developed a modification of Bohr's analysis but it involved half-integral values for the quantum numbers. Thomas-Fermi theory, also known as density functional theory, is used to obtain the ground state energy levels of the helium atom along with the Hartree-Fock method

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