Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Id is a general-purpose parallel programming language, developed by Arvind and Nikhil, at MIT, in the late 1970 and throughout the 1980s. The major subset of Id is a purely functional programming language with non-strict semantics. Features include: higher-order functions, a Milner-style statically type-checked polymorphic type system with overloading, user defined types and pattern matching, and prefix and infix operators. It led to the development of pH, a parallel dialect of Haskell. Id programs are fine grained implicitly parallel. The MVar synchronisation variable abstraction in Haskell is based on Id's M-structures.

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