Surface phenomena and processes are becoming increasingly important in a wide variety of industrial applications, since materials properties are often controlled by the top atomic or molecular layers. However, many methods of organic surface analysis provide either insufficient or ambiguous data. Laser desorption postionization mass spectrometry offers greater control over the ionization process, providing abundant ion yields by ionizing the secondary neutrals. Postionization can be introduced by electron impact, radio frequency plasma or laser radiation. This book provides detailed descriptions of the instrumentation of laser desorption postionization coupled to a Time-of-Flight mass spectrometer. In addition, the laser system, timing schemes and instrument calibration are described. The instrument was successfully applied for the analysis of the model of dental composites, including glass fillers, silanes and resins, which crack and degrade in the oral cavity. This book should be useful to professionals in the field of Mass Spectrometry, or anyone who are interested in surface analysis using laser desorption ionization.
Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.
New product development (NPD) and innovation are key factors that affect a company’s long-term survival and growth. In a highly competitive and uncertain market, firms must learn how to compete globally by strengthening their NPD and innovation capabilities. Only through the continuous innovation management, can firms maintain their global competitiveness. This work develops management methods for NPD and innovation. The author focuses on the management of the early stages of NPD. Design Structure Matrix (DSM), Concurrent Engineering (CE), Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), Fuzzy Set Theory (FST), and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) are integrated and conduct useful tools and methods for managing NPD. The proposed methods include (1) dynamic planning method for NPD; (2) structural matrix-based modeling for managing design variety; and (3) fuzzy logic-based evaluation model for idea screening of product design. The case studies showed that the proposed management methods performed well. The author expects that this book can provide some novel approaches of design management to help firms achieve the goals of innovative product development.
Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.
