High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! John Edward Bruce, also known as Bruce Grit or J. E. Bruce-Grit, born a slave in Maryland, United States, became a journalist, historian, writer, orator, civil rights activist and Pan-African nationalist. He founded newspapers in Washington, DC; and Norfolk, Virginia; as well as co-founding the Negro Society for Historical Research in New York.Bruce was born in 1856 in Piscataway, Maryland, to enslaved parents Robert and Martha Allen Bruce. When he was three years old, his father was sold to a slaveholder in Georgia and he and his mother fled to Washington, D.C. and later to Connecticut, where Bruce enrolled in an integrated school and received his first formal education. Traveling back to Washington later, he received a private education and attended Howard University for a time

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