High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The designation Kosmos (Russian: Космос meaning Cosmos) is a generic name given to a large number of Soviet, and subsequently Russian, satellites, the first of which was launched in 1962. Satellites given Kosmos designations include military spacecraft, failed probes to the Moon and the planets, prototypes for manned spacecraft, and scientific spacecraft. This is a list of satellites with Kosmos designations between 501 and 750.