Locksmithing began as the science and art of making and defeating locks. A lock is a mechanism that secures buildings, rooms, cabinets, objects, or other storage facilities. A key is often used to open a lock. Means of opening a lock may include two-factor authentication for greater security, such as requiring both something you know and something you have. Locksmithing is one of the earliest forms of security engineering. Lock picking was one of the first methods of cracking security systems. The oldest known lock was approximately 4,000 years old and was of Egyptian make. It was found in the ruins of the Emperor Sargon II's palace in Khorsabad. It used the same pin tumbler principle employed by many modern locks.

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