Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. In recreational mathematics, a magic square of order n is an arrangement of n2 numbers, usually distinct integers, in a square, such that the n numbers in all rows, all columns, and both diagonals sum to the same constant. A normal magic square contains the integers from 1 to n2. The term "magic square" is also sometimes used to refer to any of various types of word square. Normal magic squares exist for all orders n >= 1 except n = 2, although the case n = 1 is trivial—it consists of a single cell containing the number 1. The smallest nontrivial case, shown below, is of order 3.

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