High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of Migratory Sharks is an international instrument for the conservation of migratory species of sharks. It was founded under the auspices of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS; also known as the Bonn Convention). After two initial meetings in 2007 and 2008, the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed into effect on 1 March 2010, in the city of Manila, meeting the required amount of 10 signatures, and taking effect immediately for each signatory. It has been adopted by over 40 states in total. The original text is written in English, French, and Spanish, and its creation was chaired by the Philippines.