This book describes Monte Carlo simulations of the processes in proportional counters used for absolute measurements of activity concentration of Krypton-85. It also offers a method for estimation of counting losses based on the results from Monte Carlo simulations. Each part of the book focuses on different aspects of the operation and/or modeling of proportional counters. Chapter I describes the experimental method for absolute measurement of activity concentration of Krypton-85 developed at LNHB/CEA-Saclay with emphasis on the origin of counting losses and their estimation. Chapter II describes in detail the techniques used in the development of the Monte Carlo code and the code itself. Chapter III is devoted to the process of gas multiplication. It contains a systematic study of the process of gas multiplication in cylindrical proportional counters and offers a discussion on the behavioral differences of the gas multiplication process in uniform and non uniform electric fields. The method for estimation of counting losses is described in the last chapter with attention on the individual contribution of different phenomena to counting losses and their combined effect.

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