Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Nanomaterial-based catalysts are usually heterogeneous catalysts broken up into nanoparticles in order to speed up the catalytic process. The extremely small size of the particles maximizes the surface area exposed to the reactant, allowing more reactions to occur at the same time, thus speeding up the process. Much research on nanomaterial-based catalysts has to do with maximizing the effectiveness of the catalyst coating in fuel cells. Platinum is currently the most common catalyst for this application, however, it is expensive and rare, so a lot of research has been going into maximizing the catalytic properties of other metals by shrinking them to nanoparticles in the hope that someday they will be an efficient and economic alternative to platinum. Gold nanoparticles also exhibit catalytic properties, despite the fact that bulk gold is unreactive.

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