Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. The nanoscopic scale usually refers to structures with a length scale applicable to nanotechnology, usually cited as 1-100 nanometers. The nanoscopic scale is (roughly speaking) a lower bound to the mesoscopic scale for most solids. For technical purposes, the nanoscopic scale is the size at which the expected fluctuations of the averaged properties (due to the motion and behavior of individual particles) can no longer be reduced to a size below some desirable threshold (often a few percent), and must be rigorously established within the context of any particular problem.

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