High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Oneida is a city in Madison County located west of Oneida Castle (in Oneida County) and east of Canastota, New York, United States. The population was 10,987 at the 2000 census. The city, like both Oneida County and the nearby silver and china maker, takes its name from the Oneida tribe. Some members of the tribe are still concentrated in the municipal vicinity.